What is an attempt to circumvent database application controls called?

The term used for an attempt to circumvent database application controls is known as a bypass attack. This refers to any method that seeks to navigate around the security measures or controls that are in place to protect a database system, allowing unauthorized access to data or functionality. By circumventing these controls, an attacker can exploit vulnerabilities within the application to gain access to sensitive information or manipulate the database.

While SQL injection is related, as it is a specific technique used to manipulate a database through a web application by injecting malicious SQL statements, it falls under a broader category of attacks rather than directly referring to the act of circumventing security controls itself. Denial of service attacks focus on rendering a service unusable, and privilege escalation refers specifically to gaining higher access levels than what is allowed. Bypass attacks can involve these other techniques but ultimately focus on the ability to overcome the existing controls directly.