What term describes software that monitors and gathers data, sometimes used to refer to adware and spyware?

The correct term used to describe software that monitors and gathers data, often associated with adware and spyware, is "Potentially Unwanted Applications" (PUAs). This designation encompasses a range of software that, while not necessarily classified as malicious, can have undesirable effects on a user's system or experience.

PUAs may include applications that track user behavior, deliver unsolicited advertisements, or install additional software without explicit user consent. The key characteristic of PUAs is that they may be unwanted or intrusive to the user, even if they do not possess harmful intent or function like traditional malware. This broader category is important in software development and cybersecurity, as it highlights the need for vigilance in monitoring and managing applications that may infringe on user privacy or system performance.

In contrast, the other terms listed have more specific meanings. "Malicious software" typically refers to software designed with harmful intent, like viruses and worms, while "Utility Software" refers to programs meant to help manage, maintain, or control computer resources. "System Monitoring Tools" usually indicate software designed specifically for performance monitoring and system administration, not capturing unwanted data in real-time.