Which approach focuses on reducing time taken to include customer feedback in development cycles?

The approach that focuses on reducing the time taken to include customer feedback in development cycles is DevOps. DevOps is a set of practices that aim to integrate software development (Dev) and IT operations (Ops), emphasizing collaboration, transparency, and continuous interaction between development teams and other stakeholders, including customers.

One of the core principles of DevOps is to enable faster release cycles, allowing developers to deploy updates and gather feedback from users more rapidly. This iterative feedback loop helps organizations respond to customer needs more efficiently and improve the overall quality and functionality of the software. By streamlining processes such as testing, deployment, and monitoring, DevOps facilitates a culture of continuous improvement informed by user input.

In contrast, encapsulation is a programming principle primarily related to object-oriented programming that helps protect the internal state of an object and does not specifically address customer feedback cycles. Data-centric threat modeling focuses on identifying potential security threats related to data rather than enhancing development processes. A database model pertains to the structure of data within databases and is not related to customer feedback mechanisms in the software development lifecycle.